八年级英语上学期Unit 12课文完全解读
课文完全解读Section A
1b It is the cheapest . 它最便宜
1b It is the closest to home.
它离家最近。
1b It has the friendliest service . 它有最友好的服务。
1b It has the biggest screen.
它有最大的屏幕。
1c What's the best movie theater ?
最好的电影院是什么?
1c I think Gold Theater has the most comfortable seats .
我想(认为) 金色剧场座位最舒服。
1.在第六单元学习了形容词和副词比较级的构成,那么本单元将进行复习并学习它的最高级构成。
A. 大多数形容词和副词有三个等级。
(1)为原级比较: as +形容词或副词原形+.as... 像...一样
如Zhang Hong is as tall as Tom.
张红和Tom一样高。
形容词tall用的是原级。
(2)形容词和副词的比较级: 两者进行比较构成形容词或副词比较级+than如:He is taller than I .
他比我高。 可以修饰形容词比较级的有:even, much, a little, a lot, a bit.
(3)形容词的最高级:三者或三者以上进行比较,结构为the + 形容词或副词的最高级+of / in ...
如:He is the tallest of the three .
他是这三个人中最高的。
He is the funniest in his class .
他是他们班最有趣的。 形容词最高级前要加定冠词"the"
B. 形容词、副词比较级和最高级有规则变化和不规则变化。
(1)规则变化
<1>一般情况下,单音节或双音节的形容词(或副词)比较级+er最高级+est如:
clever-cleverer-cleverest
few-fewer-fewest
small-smaller-smallest等
<2>以e结尾的词,比较级+r,最高级+st即可
如:
nice-nicer-nicest
cute-cuter-cutest
large-larger-largest
<3>以辅音字母+y结尾的变y为i+er或est
如:
easy-easier-easiest
happy-happier-happiest
再如:early, busy, heavy, dirty, lazy ,friendly. 也如此
<4>双写最后一个辅音字母+er或est的词同学要用心去记。
1. fat-fatter-fattest
2. thin-thinner-thinnest
3. hot-hotter-hottest
4. red-redder-reddest
5. wet-wetter-wettest
6. big-bigger-biggest
<5>多音节和部分双音节的词需要在形容词原级前+more构成比较级,+the most构成最高级。
如:beautiful-more beautiful-the most beautiful 又如delicious, popular, important interesting , expensive, comfortable. 等也是如此。
双音节的词如
careful-more careful -the most careful
useful -more useful -the most useful .
少数单音节词也是这样如:
pleased-more pleased -the most pleased
tired-more tried -the most tired
(2)不规则变化:
good-better-best
well-better--best
bad-worse- worst
many, much-more-most
far-farther-farthest(距离远)
far-further-furthest(程度深) old-elder(长幼)-eldest old-older(年龄)--oldest
本单元中出现的形容词比级较和最高级如下:
<1>big-bigger-biggest
<2>popular-more popular-the most popular
<3>close-closer-the closest
<4>cheap-cheaper-the cheapest
<5>friendly-friendlier-the friendliest
<6>comfortable-more comfortable-the most comfortable <7>good-better-the best
<8>bad-worse-the worst
<9>expensive-more expensive-the most expensive
<10>funny-funnier-the funniest
<11>dull-duller-the dullest
<12>loud-louder-the loudest
<13>quiet-quieter-the quietest
<14>creative-more creative-the most creative
<15>boring-more boring-the most boring
what we learned 在句中作表语从句,其结3a We did a survey of our readers and this is what we learned.
我们做了一个读者调查,这是我们所了解的情况。
构为:特殊疑问词what+陈述语序。
例如:This is what I want to say.
这就是我想说的。
3a As for radio stations , most people think that Jazz 107.9 FM is really great .
至于电台,大部分人认为Jazz 107.9 FM的确很棒。
as for 至于;关于的意思。
As for homework, most students do homework every day.
至于作业,大多数学生每天都做。
3a It plays the most interesting music.
它播放最有趣的音乐。
play 此处为播放的意思。
例如:My brother always plays the CDs too loud.
我弟弟总是播放CD的音量过大。
Section B
3a He danced without music .
他无音乐伴奏,跳舞。
without 介词,没有的意思。
without sth
without doing sth
People can't live without water.
没有水人们不能活。
He went to school without eating breakfast this morning.
今早晨他没吃早饭就去上学了。
Who do you think is the funniest actor ?
你认为谁是最滑稽的演员?
What do you think is the loudest musical group?
你认为什么是最吵闹的乐队
提问人物用who,提问事物用what.
do you think 是插入语,从句用陈述语序。
Who do you think is the best performer?
你认为谁是最好的演员?
What do you think is the best book?
你认为什么是最好的书?
Self check
2 Sanya is in Hainan Province in southern China.
三亚在中国南方的海南省。
Harbin is in northern China .
哈尔滨在中国的北部。
(1)表示一个小地点在一个大地点之内用介词in表方位。
Qingdao is in Shangdong Province in eastern China.
如果一个地方不在一个地方内,且不接壤用介词to。
Japan is to the east of China.
两个接壤的地方用介词on表方位。
Russia is on the north of China.
(2)southern, northern分别是south, north的形容词。
2 The price of a hotel room is about 320yuan a night. 旅馆的房间的价格为一晚上320元 。
the price of …的价格
在英文中价格一般不用贵(expensive),便宜(cheap)来修饰,而用高(high),低(low)来修饰。
The price of the apples is very low.
苹果的价格很低。
The apples are very cheap.
苹果很便宜。
2 Hotels usually cut their prices in winter .
旅馆通常在冬天里减价。
cut their prices . 降价、减价。
2 About 200 yuan a night is enough .
一晚上大约200元足够了。
(1)enough 可以修饰名词也可以修饰形容词。
当它修饰名词时可放在名词的前边,也可放在后边。
如足够的水,enough water
当它修饰形容词或副词时,则放在它的后边。
如:足够大big enough . 不能说成enough big . ×
There is enough water (名)here . 这里有足够的水。
Your classroom is big(形)enough. 你的教室足够大。
(2)enough 短语后跟动词时要用动词不定时
There is enough time to play football.
有足够的时间玩足球。
语法解析
一、 常见比较级、最高级的句型
1比较级句型
1> Who / Which + be +比较级 , A or B ?
Who is taller, Tom or John?谁更高,汤姆还是约翰?
Which is more expensive, a bicycle or a computer?哪一个更贵,一辆自行车还是一台 电脑?
2> ~ + be + the 比较级 + of the two. (两个之中比较…的那一个,~包含在两个之中)
Tom is the taller of the two. = Tom is taller than the other boy.
3> much / a lot / even / far + 比较级
A compute is much more expensive than a bicycle. 计算机比自行车贵多了。
4> "The+形容词比较级..., the+形容词比较级...", 表示 " 越... 就越..."。
The more you study, the more you know. 你学的越多, 就知道的越多。
5> " 形容词比较级 + and + 形容词比较级 ", 表示 " 越来越... "。
The computer is cheaper and cheaper. 计算机越来越便宜。
2最高级的句型
1> Who / Which + be +最高级, A, B, or C ?
Who is the tallest, Tom, Jack, or David? Tom, Jack与David三个人中谁最高?
Which is the most expensive, a bicycle, a motorcycle, or a car?
自行车,摩托车和汽车,哪一个最贵?
2> ~ + be + one of the +最高级 +复数名词, 表示"最……的……之一"。
The Yellow River is one of the longest rivers in China.
黄河是中国最长的河流之一。
3> "…+ be +the + 序数词 +最高级 +单数名词 + 范围", 表示"……是…….的第几……"。
She is the second tallest student in our class. 她是我们班第二高的学生。
4> ~ + be + the 最高级 ~ that 某人 have/ has ever + 过去分词.
This is the most interesting book that I have ever read.这是我看过的最有趣的书。
二、宾语从句的用法
1 在复合句中用作宾语的从句叫做宾语从句。
2宾语从句的用法: ~
第一: 选好连接词(即关联词)。 引导宾语从句的连接词,有三类,但从学习的角度看分为四类更为实用。
①.连词that:只起连接作用,在从句中不作句子成分,也无词汇意义,在口语中或非正式文体中常被省略。例如:
He knew(that)he should work hard.
②.连词whether或if:它们起连接作用,在从句中不作句子成分,作"是否"解,口语中多用if。例如:
Do you know whether he will ride here at 8 tomorrow morning?
③.连接代词who,whom ,whose,what, which:它们起连接作用,作句子成分,各有其自己的意义。例如:
The teacher asked the new student which class he was in?
④.连接副词when,where, why,how:起连接作用,分别作时间、地点、原因、方式状语,各有其自己的意义。例如:
I wonder where he got so much money.对他从哪里弄到那么多钱我感到疑惑。(where在从句中作地点状语,修饰got,意为"哪里;什么地方"。)
第二,牢记宾语从句的语序是陈述句语序,即"连接词+主语+谓语+其他"。这里特别强调的是,它的主语和谓语的语序是陈述句的语序,不是疑问句的倒装语序。
例如:You must remember what your teacher said.
第三,注意时态的呼应。 宾语从句中谓语动词的时态,常常受主句谓语时态的制约,这种现象称为"时态的呼应"。
例如: 汉译英:我原以为你今天有空的。
误:I thought(that)you are free today.
正:I thought(that)you would be free today.
错句中宾语从句用are很可能是因为有 today,但因为主句谓语是thought,所以从句谓语就该用过去将来时would be了。 这种时态的呼应,如果主句谓语是现在时或将来时,宾语从句的谓语时态不受限制.
另外,如果主句时态是过去时,宾语从句一般要随着改为相应的过去时(即一般过去时、过去进行时、过去完成时、过去将来时等)。
中考真题全解
1-Why does Peter like mooncakes with nuts instead of the ones with eggs?
-Because he thinks mooncakes with nuts are_____. ( 2004 青岛)
A. cheap
B dear
C. worse
D. nicer
【解析】选D。两者比较用比较级,根据句意喜欢带果仁的月饼所以选nicer。
2 He is the__ __ in his class because he keeps doing sports. (健康) ( 2004 青岛)
【解析】 填healthiest。动词be后用形容词,又根据the以及in his class 判断用形容词的最高级。Healthy去y变i加est。
3.If you are not _____ by then , I`ll take you to see the doctor.
A. good
B. well
C. fine
D. better ( 2000 青岛)
【解析】选D。根据句子的意思,那时与现在相比,要用well的比较级better。
4. Chinese is the language spoken by the ___ number of people in the world, but it's not as ____as English
A. largest; widely spoken
B. large; wide spoken
C. larger; widely speaking
D. largest; wide speaking( 2001 烟台)
【解析】选A。根据in the world第一个空要用最高级,第二个空要用被动语态,且副词修饰动词。6. 你越运动,越健康。
5、The ______ you have sports, the _______ you will be.( 2000 青岛)
【解析】填 more, healthier。"the + 比较级+……the +比较级……"结构表示"越……越……"。
6. Oct. 15th was one of days in 2003,Shenzhou-V was sent up successfully.
A. exciting
B. more exciting
C. the most exciting
D. much exciting (2003北京海淀)
【解析】选C。根据one of, in 2003判断用形容词的最高级。exciting多音节词,最高级加most且要在形容词最高级前加顶冠词the。
7. She was so weak that she didn't catch up with others.(改写句子,句意不变)
She was _____ ______ _______ to catch up with others. ( 2000 青岛)
【解析】填not, strong, enough。形容词+enough to do sth,"足够……干某事",改写后的句子可翻译为她不足够强壮来赶上别人。与原句意思相同。
8. The students are studying hard, for they know .
A. what are they studying for
B. what are they studying
C. what they are studying for
D. why they are studying for(2002青岛)
【解析】选C。提问什么用what。从句的语序为:特殊疑问词加陈述语序。
9. (2001重庆)We can do the work _____ with _____money than you.
A. better; less B. better; fewer
C. good; less D. best; little
【解析】选A。than标志着用比较级,
Money不可数名词用less 修饰。
10. It will be bad for your health to eat food and take exercise.
A. fewer; more
B. more; less
C. little; much
D. less; more (2002青岛)
【解析】选B。根据句意应用比较级,吃得更多和锻炼得更少将对你的健康有害。
11. Li Hua's English is very good, and her French her English.
A. is as good as
B. isn't as good as
C is as well as
D. is as better as(2002青岛)
【解析】选A。as+形容词或副词原形+as表示两者在某一方面相同; not as/so+形容词或副词原形+as表示两者在某一方面不相同。根据and表示两者相同,所以选A,不选B
12. Don't worry sir, I'm sure I can run _____to catch up with them
A fast enough
B enough fast
C slowly enough
D enough slowly(2005 厦门)
【解析】选A 根据句意排除CD, enough 修饰形容词 副词, enough 后置
13. Have you bought that digital Camera?
No, I can't afford it. The price is a bit too _____, I think
A low
B high
C cheap
D expensive (2005 河南)
【解析】选B 根据句意 英文价格一般用高低来修饰选择high 而不选expensive
14. ____you help, I can't get the information about Hawaii easily
A with
B without
C Under
D Below (2005 吉林)
【解析】选B 根据句意没有你帮助,我不能如何容易得到夏威夷的信息,没有用介词without
15.My penfriend lives in the _____(南)part of China (2006 青岛)
【解析】填southern 形容词修饰名词part, south的形容词为southern
16.-Which is ____ season in Beijing?
-I think it's autumn.
A.good
B.better
C.best
D.the best (2003北京)
【解析】正确答案为D。该题的核心词为season。根据比较级与最高级的知识,两者之间用比较级,而三者或三者以上用最高级,北京有四季,因此本题应选择最高级。又因为形容词最高级前要加定冠词the,因此答案为D。
17.-Do you know _____ ?
-Next year.
A.when he came here
B.when did he come here
C.when he will come here D.when will he come here
(2003北京)
【解析】选C。宾语从句的语序为陈述语序,根据句意时态要用将来时。
18. - Which is__________ , the sun, the moon or the earth?
-- Of course, the moon is.
A.small
B.smaller
C.smallest
D.the smallest (2004北京)
【解析】正确答案为D。该题的核心词在第一句句尾,"the sun, the moon or the earth",提问的对象为三者,应该选择最高级。
19. The air in Beijing is getting much _____ now than a few years ago.(2005年)
A. clean
B. cleaner
C. cleanest
D. the cleanest (2005北京)
【解析】 正确答案为B。该题的核心词为than,than一词是比较级的标志, much修饰比较级。
20. These pictures will show you _______.
A. what our hometown looks like
B. what does our hometown looks like
C. how our hometown looks like
D. how does our hometown looks like
(2003北京)
【解析】选 A。 what 在此作连接代词,引导宾语从句,并在从句中作宾语。宾语从句须用陈述句语序。
视野拓展
你知道美国有哪些电视台吗?
美国有三家全国性的电视广播公司:美国广播公司(ABC--American Broadcasting Company),哥伦比亚广播公司(CBC--Columbia Broadcasting System)和国家广播公司(NBC--National Broadcasting Company)此外还有公共广播公司(PBS--Public Broadcasting Service)以及数百个地方电视台(local television station)许多地方一天24小时都有电视播放。
下一篇：八年级英语上册重点句型复习归纳
