高考英语语法复习状语从句
中学英语语法复习-状语从句
状语从句 一
1、时间状语从句
(1)as、when、while用法一览表。 as as表示“当……的时候”,往往和when/ while通用,但它着重强调主句与从句的动作或事情同时或几乎同时发生。 She came up as I was cooking.(同时)///The runners started as the gun went off.(几乎同时)///when (at or during the time that )既可以表示在某一点的时候,又可表示在某一段时间内,主句与从句的动作或事情可以同时发生也可以先后发生。 It was raining when we arrived.(指时间点) When we were at school, we went to the library every day.(在一段时间内) while while意思是“当……的时候”或“在某一段时间里”。主句中的动作或事情在从句中的动作或事情的进展过程中发生,从句中的动词一般要用延续性动词。在when表示a period of time时,两者可以互换。 Please don’t talk so loud while others are working. He fell asleep while/when reading. Strike while the iron is hot.(用as或when不可,这里的while意思是“趁……”)
(2)引导时间状语从句的连接词除上述外还有:①till, not … until …, until, before, since Don’t get off the bus until it has stopped.//He waited for his father until(till)it was twelve o’clock. It will be five years before he returns from England. ②hardly / scarcely … when, no sooner … than, as soon as once表示“一……就” As soon as I have finished it , I’ll give yu a call. Once you show any fear, he will attack you. We had hardly got / Hardly had we got into the country when it began to rain. No sooner had he arrived / He had no sooner arrived than she started complaining. ③directly, immediately, the moment, the minute that… 一……就 He made for the door directly he heard the knock. ④each time, every time, by the time Each time he came to my city, he would call on me. 注意:表示未来情况,主句用将来时,从句用现在时。
2、让步状语从句
(1)although与though可以引导让步状语从句,不能与but连用,但可以与yet连用。 Although they are poor,(yet)they are warm-hearted.
(2)even if或even though引导让步状语从句,表示“即使”,“纵然”,用来使人注意下文所强调内容的性质。 I’ll get there even if(though)I have to sell my house to get enough money to go by air.
(3)no matter后接上who、what、where、how等疑问词,也可以在这类疑问词后面加上ever构成whoever、whatever、wherever、however等。 Don’t trust him, no matter what / whatever he says. Whoever breaks the law will be published. No matter how hard the work is, you’d better try to do it well.
(4)as也可以引导让步状语从句。要用倒装。 Child as(though)he is, he knows a lot. Much as I like it, I won’t buy. Try as he would, he couldn’t lift the heavy box.
3、原因状语从句:because, for, as, since, now that
(1)表示不知道的原因时用because,即说话人认为听话人不知道,因此because从句是全句最重要的部分,通常它被置于主句之后。 You want to know why I’m leaving? I’m leaving because I’m full. for虽然表示不知道的原因,但其语气较because要弱得多,是可说可不说的话,它只能置于主句之后,这时,for是并列连词。如果不是因果关系,而是对前面主句的内容加以解释或推断时,只能用for。如:It’s morning now, for the birds are singing.(很显然,鸟叫不可能是“现在已是早上”的原因。)
(2)表示已经知道的原因时用as或since,即某种原因在说话人看来已经很明显,或已为听话人所熟悉,因此它是句中不很重要的部分。since要比as正式一些,它们通常被置于语句之前,但有时却相反。 Seeing all of the children already seated, he said,“Since everyone is here, let’s start.”
(3)下列情况下只能使用because: ①在回答why的问句时; ②在用于强调句型时; ③被not所否定时。
4、地点状语从句:where, wherever Make a mark wherever you have any questions. We will go where the Party directs us.
5、目的状语从句:that, so that, in order that 注意:目的状语从句的谓语动词常与情态动词连用,否则可能是结果状语从句。不可置于句首。
6、结果状语从句:that, so that, so … that, such … that … 注意:so + 形容词/副词 + that从句;such + 名词 + that从句。
7、方式状语从句:as, as if(though) I’ll do as I am told to. It looks as if it is going to rain.
8、比较状语从句:than, as
9、条件状语从句:if, unless, so (as) long as, in case, once, a far as, on condition that. 注意if与unless的区别:不能用and连接两个unless从句,即不能有… unless …,and unless … 。但if … not and if … not却不受此限。 You won’t lose your weight unless you eat less and unless you exercise more.(×) 但可以说 … unless you eat less and exercise more.
10、注意状语从句中从句的省略现象
(1)连接词 + 过去分词 Don’t speak until spoken to. Pressure can be increased when needed. Unless repaired, the washing machine is no use.
(2)连词 + 现在分词 Look out while crossing the street.
(3)连词 + 形容词/其他 常见的有it necessary、if possible、when necessary、if any等。
二、精典名题导解' 选择填空
1. I don’t think I’ll need any money but I’ll bring some ____________. (NMET 2000) A. as last B. in case C. once again D. in time 解析:答案为B。句意为“带些钱以防万一”,只能选择in case。引导的条件状语从句,后面省略了I should need it。
2. The WTO can’t live up to its name _________ it doesn’t include a country that is home to one fifth of mankind.(NMET 2000) A. as long as B. while C. if D. even though 解析:答案为C。本题考查状语从句的用法。句意为“假如世贸组织不包括占世界人口五分之一的中国的话,那它就名不副实”。as long as语气过于强烈,while和even though不符合句意。
3、Someone called me up in the middle of the night, but they hung up _________ I could answer the phone.(NMET 2000) A. as B. since C. before D. until 解析:答案为C。题意为:半夜里有人打来电话,我没来得及就挂了。but暗示在接话前就挂了。
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