高考英语单项填空题解法例析
英语单项填空题是考查学生基础知识、语言应用能力的一种基本题型。近几年,高考英语单项填空题得到不断改革、创新并日趋完善,单项填空题考及的知识面更广,试题更灵活多变。在日常英语单项填空题的教学中,要注意训练学生认真审题的习惯、仔细分析的习惯,掌握一定的技巧,才能收到较好的训练效果。对于一些有比较复杂的句式结构的单项填空题,考生因对其不太熟悉,影响了解题的速度和准确率,其实,对于这类题目,只要巧妙地运用一些方法,即可化难为易。本文试从具体的解题方法这一角度作几个实例分析。
一、找关键词法
找准关键性的提示语。对于有些单选题来说,如果能找准关键性的提示
语,问题就会迎刃而解。
例1:① Do you know John is getting on well with his studies?
② Do you know John is getting on with his studies?
A、how B、what C、that D、with
解析:句①意为“你知道约翰学习进展好吗?”宾语从句的意思已经完整,故选C项,因为that本身无中文含义,解这一题的关键是要注意well;句②意为“你知道约翰学习进展如何?”故选A 项。well就是这两题的关键词。
例2:① ____on the stone, you will see farther.
② on the stone,,and you will see farther.
A、Stand B、To stand C、 Stood D.、Standing
解析:这两句的根本区别在于句②有一个and ,and是这两题的关键词,所以句②的结构为祈使句+and/or/or else +陈述句,祈使句应该用动词原形,故句②选A项;句①实际上是现在分词作条件状语,表示主动的动作,其逻辑主语是you,相当于条件状语从句if you stand on the stone,故选D项。
二、结构分析法
有的单项填空题的句子结构复杂,迷惑性大,稍有疏忽,便会受到干扰项的干扰,这时要仔细分析,弄清句子结构,然后再对照所给的选项,选出正确答案。
例3:① It was such a good film I saw it yesterday.
② Don’t talk about such things you don’t understand.
A、which B、that C、what D、as
解析:答这类题时,首先要分析句子结构,such 有两种搭配。第一种such…that…,that 引导结果状语从句,在结果状语从句中不充当句子成分,因此that后面的句子应该是一个完整的句子;第二种such…as…, as引导定语从句,as在定语从句中充当主语或宾语,因此as后面的句子应该少一个成分,该成分由as来充当,照这样分析,句①选B项,句②选D项(as 作understand 的宾语)。
例4:① We are looking forward to you again.
A、saw B、see C、sees D、seeing
② The day we looked forward to at last.
A、came B、come C、coming D、comes
解析:一般的学生都知道look forward to后接名词或代词或动名词,故句①的答案为D项,意为“我们期望再一次见到你。”而答句②的关键是要分析句子结构,抓主干,去枝节,“主干”为The day came at last. The day是主语,came 是谓语;“枝节”为中间的we looked forward to,其实we looked forward to是定语从句,引导词that或 which 作介词to的宾语,省略了,故正确答案为A 项。
例5:① I found her her eyes on the hole in the ceiling.
② I found her eyes on the hole in the ceiling.
A、are fixed B、fixing C、being fixed D、fixed
解析:分析句子结构,可以看出,这两题主要是考查found 的宾补用法,一般地说,形容词、副词、介词短语、现在分词、过去分词等均可作found的宾补,现在分词表示主动的动作,过去分词表示被动的动作,据此,句①应选B项,表主动;句②选D项,表被动。词组为fix one’s eyes on…。再如:He stood there with his eyes fixed on the wall.
例6:① What do you think has happened to her?
② Who do you suppose will come to our house?
③ What do you suppose he is doing now?
④ Who do you think he will help?
⑤ When do you suppose he is going to start?
⑥ Where do you think she has gone?
解析:这6道题涉及插入语do you think / do you suppose / do you believe的用法。解答这组题的关键是要弄清句首的疑问词在句中的成分。显然,句①、句②的疑问词在句中作主语,只要去掉插入语do you think 与do you suppose,剩下的便是What has happened to her? Who will come to our house? 问题就迎刃而解了。句③、句④的What与Who在句中作宾语,其实句③的What he is doing now是suppose的宾语从句。句④的Who he will help是think的宾语从句,所以应该用陈述句排列,不应像句①、句②那样可以去掉插入语来理解。同样,句⑤、句⑥的When与Where在句中作状语,句⑤ When he is going to start 实际上是suppose的宾语从句。句⑥的Where she has gone 也是think的宾语从句,所以都应该用陈述句排列。
典型错误为:
③What do you suppose is he doing now?
④ Who do you think will he help?
⑤When do you suppose is he going to start?
⑥Where do you think has she gone?
(错误的原因是没有分析句子结构,全采用去掉插入语的方法来解题。)
三、成分简化法
为了快捷、准确的理解题意,去掉插入语或附加的次要信息成分,就会迅速找出答案。
例7:He felt that he, rather than Alice and Lisa, ___for the coldness that had grown between them.
A、were to blame B、was to be blamed
C、were to be blamed D、was to blame
解析:去掉rather than Alice and Lisa,便可看出本句实际上是He felt that he was to blame for the coldness…,而be to blame是固定搭配,应用主动形式。这样问题就简单了,故答案为D项。
例8:His health is .
A、as poor as,
[1] [2] 下一页
