高二英语第十八单元Mainly Revision ( 阶段复习 )
科目 英语
年级 高二
文件 high2 unit18.1.doc
标题 Mainly Revision ( 阶段复习 )
章节 第十八单元
关键词 高二英语第十八单元
内容
【抛砖引玉】
在本单元，同学们通过阅读课文“We’ve Lost Our Dad !”和“Tell Him What you think of him !”，可以培养自己独立生活的能力和诚实的品德，克服粗心大意的毛病，同时还可以了解英语的幽默感。
单元双基学习目标
Ⅰ.词汇学习
四会单词和词组：fly ( n .) , in order that , shout at , get in touch with , in common , turn up , rude , on one’s own , by accident , cigar , announcement , truth , book (v .) , charge , stupid , permit , prison , couple , district
三会单词和词组：waiter , lay the table , track , extremely , determine , carriage , absence , rush hour , brake , cyclist
Ⅱ. 交际英语
Expressing Feelings ( 表达感情 )
Some useful expressions：
A . Expressing anxiety
1 . What/'s wrong ? / What/'s the matter ( with you ) ? / Is there anything the matter ?
2 . Oh , what shall I / we do ?
3 . We were all anxious about…
B . Expressing surprise
1 . Really ? / Oh dear ? / Is that so ? / Good heavens !
2 . I can hardly believe my ears .
3 . My Goodness ! / Goodness !
C . Expressing pleasure
1 . I/'m glad / pleased / happy to…
2 . That/'s nice / wonderful / great .
3 . Hopefully tomorrow will turn fine .
交际示范：
1） Expressing anxiety 表示焦虑
A : You seem to be worried about something . What/'s the matter ?
B : It/'s about Peter .
A : What/'s the matter with him ?
B : You know , we are supposed to ( 应该 ) do the work today , but he still hasn/'t got everything ready . And this is not the first time . How can we get things done if everyone works that way ?
A : I understand how you feel . I/'ll speak to him about it at once .
2） Expressing surprise 表示惊奇
A：Oh , dear ! What/'s the matter with you , young man ? You almost ride over me !
B : I/'m very sorry , madam . I really didn/'t see you . Are you hurt ?
A : Well , thank Goodness , I/'m not hurt .
B : Is that so ( Really ) ?
A : Yes . Good heavens ! Look at my new dress ! Today is my first wear .
B : I beg your pardon , madam .
A : For God/'s sake ( 看在上帝份上 ) , I/'ll let you pass . But do be careful next time ! It/'s really dangerous to ride so fast in the street .
3） Expressing pleasure 表示喜悦
A : What a nice dress ! Mary , you look beautiful today .
B : It/'s very kind of you to say so . You look beautiful , too ! Where did you get your lovely new hat ?
A : It/'s a birthday present from my sister .
B : Your sister has a very good taste ( 你姐姐真有眼力 ) . The hat is really beautiful .
A : Thank you for your compliments ( 夸奖 ) .
Ⅲ. 语法重点
学习not … until / till和复习句子的省略。特别要真正掌握not until型的强调表达和倒装表达。
【指点迷津】
not…until ( till ) 的四种句型
如果主句谓语动词是持续性动词，则主句常用肯定式，表示“直到……为止”，即：主句 ( 用肯定式 ) + until ( till ) 时间状语或状语从句。例如：
I worked until ( till ) he came back . 我工作到他回来为止。
I watched TV until ( till ) 10 o/'clock . 我看电视一直到10点钟。
如果主句的谓语动词是瞬间动词，则主句必须用否定式，译为“直到……才”，即：主句 ( 用否定式 ) + until ( till ) 时间状语或状语从句。例如：
I didn/'t go to bed until ( till ) he came back . 直到他回来我才睡觉。
I didn/'t go to bed until ( till ) 10 o/'clock last night . 昨晚我直到10点钟才睡觉。
注意：用在句首时，一般只用 until 而不能用 till。例如：
Until I finished my homework , I didn/'t go to bed . 直到做完家庭作业我才睡觉。
Not + until 时间状语或状语从句 + 助动词 ( 常用 did ) + 主语 + 动词原形 ( 注：not 放在句首，故用部分倒装 ) 译为：“直到……才”。可以简化成：Not until…did + 主语。例如：
Not until I finished my homework did I go to bed last night .
I didn/'t go to bed until ( till ) 10 o/'clock last night . 昨晚我直到10点钟才睡觉。
注意：用在句首时，一般只用 until 而不能用 till。例如：
Until I finished my homework , I didn/'t go to bed . 直到做完家庭作业我才睡觉。
Not + until 时间状语或状语从句 + 助动词 ( 常用 did ) + 主语 + 动词原形 ( 注：not 放在句首，故用部分倒装 ) 译为：“直到……才”。可以简化成：Not until…did + 主语。
Not until I finished my homework did I go to bed last night . 昨晚直到做完家庭作业我才睡觉。
Not until last week did he realize he was wrong . 直到上星期他才认识到他是错误的。
It was not + until 时间状语或状语从句 + that + 主句
( 注：此句型实际上是强调 not until 状语或状语从句。同学们应该记住：无论是强调时间、地点或原因状语，一般只用 that。这一点与定语从句不同，且此句型是陈述句语序，不用倒装。 ) 可以简化成句型：It was not until… + that . 例如：
It was not until I finished my homework that I went to bed . 是在做完作业之后我才去睡觉的。
It was not until last week that he realized he was wrong . 一直到上个星期他才认识到他是错误的。
【针对练习】
1 . It was not ____ she took off her glasses ____ I realized she was a famous film star .
A . when ; that B . until ; that C . until ; when D . when ; then
2 . Not until the early years of 19th century ____ what heat is .
A . man did know B . man knew C . didn/'t man know D . did man know
3 . Not until I began to work ____ how much time I had wasted .
A . didn/'t I realize B . did I realize C . I didn/'t realize D . I realized
4 . Not until all the fish died in the river _____ how serious the pollution was .
A . did the villagers realize B . the villagers realized
C . the villagers did realize D . didn/'t the villagers realize
5 . It was not until 1920 ____ regular radio broadcast began .
A . while B . which C . that D . since
答案：BDBAC
二、学海导航
【学法指要】
单元重点词汇点拨
1.fly苍蝇
This kind of disease is caused by flies .
〖点拨〗fly作动词的常见搭配有：fly nonstop from Shanghai to New York从上海直飞纽约。fly a kite放风筝。fly from从……逃亡。fly at攻击（不用被动语态）。let fly (at) 射击
2. absence不在；缺席
His absence from school was caused by illness . 他缺课是因为生病。
〖点拨〗absence为不可数名词，但是，在表达“一次缺席或者不在”时是可数名词。如：He made up a wonderful story to explain his several absences .
He returned after an absence of twenty minutes .
注意：absence的形容词是absent 。常见搭配有：during one’s absence某人不在时。be absent from school ( work , home ) 没上学（不上班，不在家）。
3. truth真相；实际情况
The whole truth has come out . 真相已水落石出。
〖点拨〗truth to tell you = to tell (you ) the truth说真的。这是个固定词组，在句中作状语。如：To tell you the truth , he stole books from the bookstore .
4. charge费用；价钱；索价
What are your charges for the room ? 住房费是多少 ？
The exhibition is open to the public without charge .
〖点拨〗charge sb + 钱 + for sth因……收费……。How much do you charge for …? ……多少钱 ？如：The hotel charged me 50 yuan for a room for the night .
How much do you charge for a haircut ?
5. determine决定；决心
We determine to buy a computer .
〖点拨〗be determined to do = make up one’s mind to do下决心干…… 。
6. permit许可；执照；营业证；允许
You can’t enter the research center without a permit .
〖点拨〗permit sb to do允许某人干……。permit doing允许干……。如：
We don’t permit smoking here .
注意：permit常用在独立主格结构中。如：Time permitting , we’ll have a meeting this evening . = If time permits , …
另外，注意permit的现在分词、过去式和过去分词要双写词尾：permitting , permitted 。
7. prison监狱
She was sentenced to two years in prison . 她被判两年徒刑。
〖点拨〗注意，当prison表示蹲监狱时，其前不用冠词。如：go to prison进监狱。be in prison住监狱。 break prison越狱。
〖误〗She has gone to prison for five months .
〖对〗She has been in prison for five months .
She went to prison five months ago .
8. couple夫妇；一对
They are a newly married couple .
〖点拨〗couple (侧重种类不同) ， 而 pair侧重一套和配对性。the couple作主语时其后的谓语可以用单数，这时把它看成一个整体。另外，a couple of可以表示“几个”。如：
The young couple seems / seem excited .
They keep / raise a couple of dogs . 他们养了几只狗。
单元词组思维运用
１. treat … as , consider … as , regard … as , look on / upon …as , take …as , think of…as 把……当作。如：
Ｓhe looked on him as her best friend .
2. How did you find …？＝ What do you think of … ?你认为……怎么样 ？／你是如何发现的 ？
３. come back , be back , go back , get back回；归
He’ll go back after dinner .
4. on one’s own独自、靠自己。of one’s own属于自己的。如：
Can you carry your luggage on your own ?
I’d like to have a room of my own .
5. be angry about / at sth对某事生气。be angry with sb 。（be有时换作 get ）
6. this way这边走；这般；如此
She always works (in) this way .
Will you please come this way ?
7. lay / set the table摆桌子（准备吃饭）
8. by accident＝ by chance 意外地；偶然地
9. on vacation度假
“度假”还可以用：on holiday , have a vacation , have a holiday , take a vacation / holiday , on leave 。
10. from side to side左右。side by side肩并肩。from all sides从四面八方。
11. in common共用；有共同之处
They have a lot in common .
Has a balloon anything in common with a plane ?
In common with many young people , he prefers popular music .
12. get in touch with和……联系
They promised to get in touch again with each other when they both returned to the States .
注意：lose touch with和……失去联系。keep in touch with和……保持联系。keep in close touch with和……保持密切的联系。
13. for oneself自己亲自干…… ；为自己
He opened the window to see for himself .
by oneself独自地，of oneself自动地，in oneself本来；原来，to oneself专用。如：He has a room to himself .
14. or rather更确切地说
They knew , or rather thought that their father was on the same train .
We got home late last night , or rather , early this morning .
15. be up to sth在做某事；有能力做
What is he up to now ? = What is he busy in doing ?
He was not up to the work that had been given him .
注意：be up to sb由某人干……
It’s up to me to help you .
16. take time over sth花时间干……
Two hours is a long time to take over a coffee .
I usually take about half an hour over my breakfast .
How long are you going to take over the meeting ?
17. on one’s own独自；靠自己的力量
Ｙou have to make a decision on your own .
18. have a telephone message from从……接到一个电话通知
19. be to do准备干……
Who is to speak at the meeting ?
20. book … for订……
You have to book three seats for your journey .
21. put the charge on the bill把费用记在……的帐上
Please put the charge for electricity on my bill .
22. turn up出现；到场；露面；开大
She didn’t turn yesterday .
23. in public公开地；在大庭广众之下
注意在public前没有冠词。
24. in the rush hour在上下班高峰的时间
25. in the other direction在对面方向
注意：in the direction of朝……方向去。in the wrong direction , in the opposite direction , in all directions , in every direction 。
26. be determined to do决心干 ……
27. lay down放下
28. a danger to对……是危险的
Smoking is a danger to health .
29. be in time for及时地赶上
Do you think we can get there in time for the film ?
30. in surprise吃惊地
31. in silence默默地；沉默不语地
32. do the talking讲讲话
Last time we met I did most of the talking . 上次我们见面时，我说的最多。
33. take the lift (up) to乘电梯到……
Shall we take the lift up to the third floor ?
单元难点疑点思路明晰
1. Soon he got talking to another person who happened to be American too .
〖明晰〗get talking为 get + ing表示某种状态的变化，表示一个新动作的开始。get在这里已经是连系动词了。又如：
He warned his son not to get smoking .
She got caught by the police .
2. He had gone through six carriages when he found he could go no further .
She had gone through just a few carriages before she found herself at the front of the train .
〖明晰〗had + done … when / before sb + 过去式“刚……就；一当……便”。
We had stayed in the hotel for nearly an hour when / before word came that she had an accident .
另外，注意：had + done … when / before … 的倒装结构是：Hardly had …… 。如：
Hardly had she seen the snake when she gave out a cry of fear .
3. She found herself at the front of the train .
〖明晰〗find的复合结构有：find + 宾语 ＋ 介词短语（形容词、现在分词、过去分词、副词、不带to的不定式）。如：
I found the story moving . （形容词）
I found the snake moving from side to side . (现在分词)
I found the snake move that day . (不定式)
4. By that time Tina and Max were beginning to feel less anxious .
〖明晰〗begin用于进行时有“慢慢、逐渐”之意。如：
We are glad you are beginning to see the importance of English .
5. I was pleased that the manager had decided not to be angry with me for having been so rude .
〖明晰〗for having been so angry是作状语的，说明be angry的原因。having been是现在完成时，表示动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前。又如：
I don’t know remember having told you about it .
Jim was punished for having killed the dog .
She was sorry for having wasted so much time .
6. Now I joke and say to everyone that I dare tell my manager exactly what I think of him .
〖明晰〗这是一个复合句，that引导的宾语从句中又有what引出另一个作tell的宾语从句。另外，joke在本句是不及物动词，joke with sb about sth因……和某人开玩笑。
【妙文赏析】
岐义引起的误会
Three Feet
Dotty Aunt Muriel received a letter one morning and upon reading it burst into a flood of tears .
“What/'s the matter ?”asked her companion .
“Oh, dear ,”sobbed Auntie, “it/'s my favorite nephew, he/'s got three feet .”
“Three feet now ?”exclaimed her friend, “Surely that/'s not possible ?”
“Well, ”said Auntie, “his mother/'s just written to tell me he/'s grown another foot !”
三只脚
糊涂的穆丽尔婶婶一天早晨接到一封信，打开一看她不禁泪流满面，痛器失声。
“怎么回事？”她的同伴问。
“噢，天哪，”婶婶说，“我最喜欢的侄子长了三只脚！”
“三只脚？”她的朋友惊叫道。“这绝对不可能。”
“哎呀，”婶婶说，“她妈妈刚写信告诉我他又长了一只脚！”
注：foot有“脚，英尺”的意思。这里he/'s grown another foot 是“他又长了一英尺”的意思。
Where to Stick the Stamp ?
A very grand lady made her very first visit to a post office ─— previously one of her servants had always gone for her . And in she went to purchase a postage stamp . Gazing at the small gummed piece of paper she said haughtily to the clerk, “Have I got to stick this on myself ?”
“No, lady, ”came the reply. “You stick it on the envelope !”
把邮票贴在哪儿？
一位贵夫人头一次去邮局──在这以前是她的一个仆人替她干这些事。进去后她买了一张邮票，看着这小小带背胶的小纸块她傲慢地问邮务员：“我是否自己贴上这东西？”
“不，夫人，”邮务员回答说，“要贴在信封上。”
注：“Have I got to stick this on myself ?”有两个意思：1. “我得自己贴这东西吗？”；2. “我得把这东西贴在自己身上吗？”贵夫人指前者，邮务员指后者。
【思维体操】
One day , I went into the forest for an investigation ( 考察 ) with several African friends . On the way back , we saw a great group of ants get in our way . It was full two metres wide . The dark mass of ants gave out a loud rustling ( 沙沙的 ) sound as if a fine rain were falling . Some little animals , such as frogs , insects and so on , were eaten up on the way of the ants/' moving . We also saw a big snake thick as an arm was tormented ( 折磨 ) to death by the ants .
I was about to rush across it when one of my African friends stopped me . He said , “This is that the ants are moving to another place . The ants of this kind are terrible . Once you are bitten by them , red spots ( 斑 ) will appear on your skin , which will make you itch ( 发痒 ) horribly . You also will have a high fever . ”I was afraid at his words . He said again , “We mustn/'t ask for trouble . ”So we had to wait for more than an hour . We didn/'t go on with our journey until they passed by .
1 . From the passage we can know the writer _______ .
A . is from Africa B . is from America
C . is a visitor D . is a scientist
2 . “a fine rain”here may mean _______ .
A . 好雨 B . 春雨 C . 细雨 D . 大雨
3 . One the way of the ants/' moving , little animals ______ .
A . were all killed B . were all distroyed
C . were all driven away D . were all badly tormented
4 . Why was the writer stopped to rush across the group of the ants ? Because ________ by the ants .
A . he would be eaten up B . he would badly itch
C . he would be bitten D . he would be badly wounded
5 . Which of the following is the best title for the passage ?
A . Having An Investigation B . The Bad Ants In Africa
C . Ants Moving D . Ants Eating Little Animals
答案及简析：1 . D。从作者和几位非洲朋友去森林考察，可知作者不是非洲人，是从事考察的科学家。2 . C。可以想象到，只有在下细雨时，雨滴打在物体上会发出沙沙的声音。 3 . A。eat up 是“吃掉 ( 完 ) ”的意思，也意味着被杀光的意思。D项后没有 to death , 只意味着“被折磨”，而没有“死去”的意思。 4 . C。从故事的描述来看，人不可能被吃掉，只是被咬伤后引起其它的不适或病症。 5 . C。一篇故事的题目须体现故事的主题。这篇故事的主线是作者看到蚂蚁搬家时的情景，因此是故事的主题。
三、智能显示
【心中有数】
单元语法发散思维
一、浅谈句子的省略
英语句子就其结构而言，可分为完全句和省略句两种形式。无论在口语中还是在书面语中，在不妨碍理解，不影响句子意义完整的条件下，可以省略一些结构词（即连词等），使句子简炼，结构紧凑，从而收到一定的修辞效果。
1 . 省略主语。
(I) Beg your pardon .
(You) Come to the front and act out the dialogue .
(It) Doesn/'t matter .
2. 省略谓语或谓语的一部分。
(Is) Anything the matter?
I helped Tom more than John(did) .
John came in September but Bob(came) in October .
3. 省略宾语
“Do you know his girlfriend?”“No, I don/'t know (his girlfriend)”
Mary washed(the shirts), Jane ironed ( the shirts) , and Alice folded the shirts .
4. 省略主语和谓语（或谓语一部分）
只剩下表语、宾语、状语或其它成份。注：在时间、条件、让步和原因等状语从句中，如果主句主语和从句的主语相同，或者是it，从句中谓语动词又含有be的某一种形式时，这种主谓语省略更为常见。如：
Coral is not a plant but(it it//s) a variety of animal life .
“Do you like this TV play?”“Yes, (I like it) very much . ”
(It/'s a) Pity you couldn/'t come .
Unless(it is) necessary, we mustn/'t speak Chinese at the English evening .
5. 省略不定式中的动词，只保留不定式符号to。
“Will you come to dine with me?”“
“I/'d like/love to (come to dine with you) . ”
注：单独使用动词不定式符号to，来代替整个动词不定式，主要是以下一些动词，expect, prefer, come mean, forget, want, wish, hope, try等。
6. 句子省略，只保留一个wh-疑问句。
He will come back, but I don/'t know when (he will come back) .
Before he could ask why (she wanted to stop), the woman was out of the car .
7. 关系代词省略
a)在限定性定语从句中，作宾语的关系代词常常被省略。 如：
This is the book (that/which) I read last week .
b)that引导的定语从句修饰day, time, way, distance, manner等表示时间、距离、方式、频度等意义的先行词时常被省略。如：
I arrived here the day(that) he left .
the way(that) people do things
8. 在以what, how开头的感叹句中，常省略句子的主语it和系动词be。如：
What a wonderful victory(it is) for me?
How funny (it is) to skate in winter!
9. 在独立主格结构中的being和having being可以省略。
The meeting (being) over, we all went home .
All the tickets(having being) sold out, we had to go again the next day .
10. 在一问一答的对话中，答话常用省略句。如：
“How long have you lived here?”“(I/'ve lived here for) Five years . ”
“Where does your brother study?”“(He studies at) No . 4 Middle School . ”
【动脑动手】
单元能力立体检测
一、翻译下列各句，注意利用本单元的知识要点
二、英译汉正误辨析十五例
1 . I haven /' t heard from her since she lived in Shanghai .
【误】自从她住在上海以来，我就没有收到她的信了。
【正】自从她离开上海以来，我就没有收到她的信了。
【析】在 since 引导的时间状语从句中，不管用的是瞬间动词或延续性动词，都是表示动作或状态的完成或结束。
2 . The film is not interesting and instructive .
【误】这部电影没有趣但有教育意义。
【正】这部电影有趣但没有教育意义。
【析】not . . . and . . . 连接两个对等成分表示部分否定，实际上是一种否定转移现象，常译成“……但不……”。这时 not 实际上是否定后面的部分，肯定 and 前面的部分。
3 . I /' m used to living in the countryside .
【误】我常常住在农村。
【正】我习惯住在农村。
【析】“be used to + 名词或动名词”，习惯于……，“used to + 动词原形”，过去常常……。如：I used to live in the countryside when I was small . 我小时候，常常住在乡下。
4 . The ship is in repair .
【误】船正在修理。
【正】船完好无损。
【析】船正在修理。可说 The ship is under repair .
5 . All of them cannot swim .
【误】他们都不会游泳。
【正】他们并不都会游泳。
【析】all , every , both 等与 not 连用，是“部分否定”，如：I don /' t like both ofthe novels . 这两本小说我并不都喜欢。Every one cannot make music . 不是每一个人都懂
音乐的。“全部否定”要用 no , none 等词，如：“他们都不会游泳”可说：None of them can swim .
6 . I have passed over this article .
【误】我已看过这篇文章。
【正】我已忽略这篇文章了。
【析】pass over 是“忽略”，“不注意”。“看过”可说 run over , look through等。
7 . The doctor is presently writing a book .
【误】大夫不久要写一本书。
【正】大夫现在在写书。
【析】presently 放在句首或句末，作“不久、很快”解，放在句中作“现在、目前”解。
8 . He was only too goad to help you .
【误】他只是太高兴了，不愿帮助你。
【正】他非常高兴帮助你。
【析】too… to …是“太……不能……”之意，但 only too = very，
所以，“only too … to”不是否定语气，而是加强了肯定语气。
9 . He never talks at table .
【误】他从来不在桌子旁边讲话。
【正】他吃饭时从来不讲话。
【析】at table = having a meal 或 during a meal , 作“进餐”解。在“桌子旁边”应是 at the table。
10 . There are many cookers in the kitchen .
【误】厨房里有许多炊事员。
【正】厨房里有许多炊具。
【析】cooker 是“炊具”，cook 是“炊事员”。
11 . I don /' t care if I go there .
【误】我不愿意去那里。
【正】我愿去那里。
【析】care 后接从句作“介意，计较”解。后跟不定式作“喜欢”解。“我不愿去那里”，要说 I don /' t care to go there .
12 . He is a most learned man .
【误】他是一个最有学问的人。
【正】他是一个很有学问的人。
【析】“a most … ”用来加强语气，作“非常、极其”解。有时 most 前不加
不定冠词。如：He is most polite to me . 他对我很有礼貌。
13 . Not a few of us failed in the exam .
【误】这次考试我们中没有几个不及格。
【正】这次考试我们中相当多人不及格。
【析】not a few = quite a few 作“不少，相当多”解。
14 . She seemed to be not a little afraid .
【误】她似乎一点也不。
【正】她似乎非常害怕。
【析】not a little 相当于 much，作“许多，很”解。
15 . There is no question of our leaving on such a rainy day .
【误】这样的下雨天我们动身是没有问题的。
【正】这样的下雨天我们才不会动身呢。
【析】“There /' s no question of ( one /' s ) doing = There /' s no possibility of … ”，意思是“……是不可能的”或“不必……”之意。
【创新园地】
请同学们用所提示的词语翻译下列各句，注意使用本单元关键的语言点：
1、他被关押已经5年了。(prison)
2、母亲允许我入团。(permit)
3、他医治病人分文不取。（charge）
4、多次缺课后，他发现很难听懂老师所讲的内容。（absence）
5、他决定要向她求婚（propose to）已经很久了。（determine）
（请同学们写好后把答案反馈给我们）
【创新园地】答案：1. He has been in prison for five years . / He went to prison five years ago . / It’s five years since he went to prison . / Five years has passed since he went to prison . 2. Mother permitted / allowed me to join the League . / I joined the League with the permission of Mother . / I joined the League with Mother’s permission . 3. He doctored the sick without charge . / He served his patients free of charge . 4. After many absences from school , he found it difficult for him to catch / follow what the teacher said . 5. For a long time he was determined to propose to her .
